Few qns on logic

[L14]

Give answers (a) if only conclusion 1 follows
(b) if only conclusion 2 follows
(c) if either 1 or 2 follows
(d) if neither 1 nor 2 follows
(e) if both follows.

q1)Statement 1: Some apples are fruit
Statement 2: Some fruits are sour.
Conclusion 1: Some apples are sour
Conclusion 2: Some sours are fruit

q2)Statement 1: Some rods are sticks
Statement 2: Some scales are rods.
Conclusion 1: Some sticks are rods
Conclusion 2: Some scales are sticks

q3)Statement 1: Some cats are white
Statement 2: Milk is white.
Conclusion 1: Some cat is milk
Conclusion 2: Some white is milk

Pls help..I get answers b,a,b .But they don't match .

[Ashima]

Even I am getting b a b! I have done drawing Venn Diagrams. How have you approached?

[L14]

hey Ashima, I also did the same way.. The answers given here are c,d and d.

[greg]

I am also getting b a b! I verified from other source they are defiantly right

[The Villain]

The ans to quest 1  is is c only...
In this premice the middle term is not distributed evn once.However since the satements are particular the conclusion should also be particular.So i go with c.

[Ashima]

Didn't get you Ron. Could you please elaborate?

[Anjali]

Ron then according to distribution , answer for all the three should be c !

[Anjali]

Ashima how are you getting a for 1 ? Iam getting b !
For the rest two Iam getting a and b

[ashutosh]

All three have to be d only.

(1). Both the premises are particulars, So the rule says that no conclusion can be drawn from 2 particular premises.
(2) Same reasoning as for (1)
(3) the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises.


You will find it tough with venn diagrams. You can follow any book on logic. There are 6 rules, thats all you need to remember.