Check out page 3.36 (its in the dispersion chapter) Linear regression and joint probability must be done
As for the last 3 steps, i simply put the value of the probability i found and sign will change for the expression- because that probability is more than equal to something.
suppose 1 - k is there. if k is less than equal to 1/2, that means k can be 1/2 or something lower, like 1/4
say, (1 - 1/4) = 3/4 or take any smaller k, (1 - k) gets larger
so 1 - k must be atleast 1/2 or bigger...
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